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[[File:Sanzio_01_Plato_Aristotle.jpg|thumb|280px|Platón (izquierda) y Aristóteles en el fresco de [[w:es:Rafael Sanzio|Rafael]] ''Escuela de Atenas'', 1509]]
[[File:V&A - Raphael, St Paul Preaching in Athens (1515).jpg|thumb|280px|[[w:es:Pablo de Tarso|San Pablo]] San Pablo pronunciando el ''Sermón del Areópago'' en [[w:es:Atenas|Atenas]], de [[w:es:Rafael Sanzio|Rafael]], 1515.]]
[[File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg|thumb|280px|Sermón de la montaña de Carl Bloch (1877)]]


'''Semina Verbi''' o '''Semillas de la Palabra''' es un proyecto cultural destinado a examinar las formas en que el Evangelio cristiano en particular, y la Palabra de Dios en general, han influido en las culturas de la humanidad, o cómo las expresiones culturales y creativas de la humanidad pueden tener semillas de verdad que se relacionan con la Verdad de la Palabra de Dios.
== Orígenes de la expresión ==
=== Los primeros apologistas cristianos ===
La expresión se remonta a [[wikipedia:Justin Martyr|Justino el Mártir]] y a [[wikipedia:Clement of Alexandria|Clemente de Alejandría]].
San [[w:Justin Martyr|Justino (100-165 AD)]] afirma en su ''Apología Segunda'':
{{Quote
|text=For I myself, when I discovered the wicked disguise which the evil spirits had thrown around the divine doctrines of the Christians, to turn aside others from joining them, laughed both at those who framed these falsehoods, and at the disguise itself and at popular opinion and I confess that I both boast and with all my strength strive to be found a Christian; not because the teachings of Plato are different from those of Christ, but because they are not in all respects similar, as neither are those of the others, Stoics, and poets, and historians. For each man spoke well in proportion to the share he had of the '''spermatic word''', seeing what was related to it. But they who contradict themselves on the more important points appear not to have possessed the heavenly wisdom, and the knowledge which cannot be spoken against. '''Whatever things were rightly said among all men, are the property of us Christians.''' For next to God, we worship and love the '''Word''' who is from the unbegotten and ineffable God, since also He became man for our sakes, that becoming a partaker of our sufferings, He might also bring us healing. For all the writers were able to see realities darkly through the '''sowing of the implanted word''' that was in them...
|author=[[wikipedia:Justin Martyr|San Justino el Mártir]]
|title=[https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0127.htm Second Apology, 13]
}}
Y San [[w:Clement of Alexandria|Clemente de Alejandría (150-215 AD)]] afirma en su ''Stromata'':
{{Quote
|text=For, like farmers who irrigate the land beforehand, so we also water with the liquid stream of Greek learning what in it is earthy; so that it may receive the '''spiritual seed''' cast into it, and may be capable of easily nourishing it. The Stromata will contain the truth mixed up in the dogmas of philosophy, or rather covered over and hidden, as the edible part of the nut in the shell. For, in my opinion, it is fitting that the '''seeds of truth''' be kept for the husbandmen of faith, and no others. I am not oblivious of what is babbled by some, who in their ignorance are frightened at every noise, and say that we ought to occupy ourselves with what is most necessary, and which contains the faith; and that we should pass over what is beyond and superfluous, which wears out and detains us to no purpose, in things which conduce nothing to the great end. Others think that philosophy was introduced into life by an evil influence, for the ruin of men, by an evil inventor. But I shall show, throughout the whole of these Stromata, that evil has an evil nature, and can never turn out the producer of anything that is good; indicating that philosophy is in a sense a work of Divine Providence.
|author=[[wikipedia:Clement of Alexandria|Clemente de Alejandría]]
|title=[https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02101.htm Stromata, Book 1 Ch. 1]
}}
Mientras que [[wikipedia:Eusebius|Eusebio de Cesarea (260-339 d.C.)]], en su ''Praeparatio Evangelica'', afirma que los griegos estaban claramente influenciados en su filosofía por las Escrituras hebreas, afirmando así desde otro punto de vista que lo mejor de la cultura humana fue influenciado por la Palabra de Dios:
{{Quote
|text=THE preceding Book, which is the tenth of the Evangelical Preparation, was intended to prove by no statements of my own, but by external testimonies, that as the Greeks had contributed no additional wisdom from their own resources, but only their force and elegance of language, and had borrowed all their philosophy from Barbarians, it was not improbable that they were also not unacquainted with the Hebrew Oracles, but had in part seized upon them also; seeing that they did not keep their hands clean from theft even of the literary efforts of their own countrymen...
Moreover in the same Book we learned by the comparison of dates that they were very young in age as well as in wisdom, and fell very far short of the ancient literature of the Hebrews.
Such were the contents of the preceding Book: but in this present one we hasten on at once to pay as it were a debt, I mean the promise which was given, and to exhibit the agreement of the Greek philosophers with the Hebrew Oracles in some if not in all their doctrinal theories.
|author=[[wikipedia:Eusebius|Eusebius of Caesarea]]
|title=[http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/eusebius_pe_11_book11.htm Praeparatio Evangelica, Book XI]
}}
El patrólogo Berthold Altaner escribe sobre [[w:Justin Martyr|Justino el Mártir]] y su expresión “semillas de la Palabra”:
{{Text and translation|{{lang|es|Con su teoría de λόγος σπερματικός [logospermatikos] Justino tiende un puente entre la filosofía antigua y el cristianismo. En Cristo apareció el Logos divino en toda su plenitud, pero cada hombre posee un germen (σπέρμα) del Logos en su razón. Esta participación en el Logos, y la consiguiente disposición a conocer la Verdad, fue particularmente grande en algunos; así en los profetas del judaísmo y, entre los griegos, en Heráclito y Sócrates. Muchos elementos de la verdad pasaron, según él, a los poetas y filósofos griegos de la literatura judía antigua, ya que Moisés era considerado el escritor absolutamente más antiguo. En consecuencia, los filósofos, en la medida en que vivieron y enseñaron de acuerdo con las reglas de la razón, eran cristianos, en cierto sentido, antes de la venida de Cristo. Sin embargo, sólo después de esta venida los cristianos llegaron a poseer la verdad total y cierta, libre de todo error. El pensamiento teológico de San Justino está fuertemente influenciado por la filosofía estoica y platónica.}}|With his theory of λόγος σπερματικός [logos spermatikos] Justin builds a bridge between ancient philosophy and Christianity. In Christ the divine Logos appeared in all his fullness, but every man possesses in his reason a germ (σπέρμα) of the Logos. This participation in the Logos, and consequent disposition to know the Truth, was particularly great in some; so in the Prophets of Judaism and, among the Greeks, in Heraclitus and Socrates. Many elements of the truth have passed, so he opines, in the Greek poets and philosophers of ancient Jewish literature, since Moses was considered the most ancient writer. Consequently, the philosophers, insofar as they lived and taught according to the rules of reason, were Christians, in a sense, before the coming of Christ. However, only after this coming did Christians come into possession of the total and sure truth, devoid of any error. The theological thought of Saint Justin is strongly influenced by Stoic and Platonic philosophy|author=Berthold Altaner|title=Patrologia|publisher=Marietti|edition=7ª ed.|year=1977|pages=pp. 70-71}}
=== Raíces en el Evangelio y los escritos del Nuevo Testamento ===
[[wikipedia:Jesus|Jesús de Nazaret]] se comparó a sí mismo con un sembrador de semillas cuando proclamó la [[wikipedia:Parable of the Sower|Parábola del Sembrador]] a la multitud que lo escuchaba.
{{Bible quote|ref=Matthew 13:3-9,18-23|inline=0}}
El [[wikipedia:Areopagus sermon|discurso de San Pablo a los atenienses en el Areópago]] es emblemático, ya que se refiere a un conocido poeta griego para exponer su punto sobre el Evangelio de Jesús, además de hacer referencia a su tradiciones religiosas:
{{Bible quote|ref=Acts of the Apostles 17:16-34|inline=0}}
=== Enseñanzas magisteriales de la Iglesia católica ===
La doctrina de las Semillas de la Palabra, interpretadas como verdades del Evangelio difundidas por la cultura humana, también está presente en las enseñanzas del [[w:Second Vatican Council|Concilio Vaticano Segundo]]. El Decreto sobre la actividad misionera ''[[wikipedia:Ad Gentes|Ad Gentes]]'' afirma:
{{Quote
|text= In order that they may be able to bear more fruitful witness to Christ, let [Christians] ... acknowledge themselves to be members of the group of men among whom they live; let them share in cultural and social life by the various undertakings and enterprises of human living; let them be familiar with their national and religious traditions; let them gladly and reverently lay bare the '''seeds of the Word''' which lie hidden among their fellows.
|author=Second Vatican Council
|title=[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19651207_ad-gentes_en.html Ad Gentes, Ch. II, art. 1, n. 11]
}}
De manera similar, la [[w:es:Constitución apostólica|Constitución dogmática]] sobre la Iglesia ''[[w:es:Lumen Gentium|Lumen Gentium]]'' establece:
{{Quote
|text= Whatever good or truth is found amongst [those men who have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God] is looked upon by the Church as a '''preparation for the Gospel'''.
|author=Second Vatican Council
|title=[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html Lumen Gentium, n. 16]
}}
La Declaración sobre las religiones no cristianas ''[[w:es:Nostra Aetate|Nostra Aetate]]'' utiliza el símil de un rayo de luz para expresar el mismo concepto:
{{Quote
|text= From ancient times down to the present, there is found among various peoples a certain perception of that hidden power which hovers over the course of things and over the events of human history; at times some indeed have come to the recognition of a Supreme Being, or even of a Father. This perception and recognition penetrates their lives with a profound religious sense. ... The Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in these religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a '''ray of that Truth''' which enlightens all men.
|author=Second Vatican Council
|title=[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html Nostra Aetate n. 2]
}}
En los años posteriores al [[w:es:Concilio Vaticano Segundo|Concilio Vaticano Segundo]], los Papas también utilizaron la metáfora ''Semillas de la Palabra'' y el tema ''Praeparatio evangelica''.
[[w:es:Papa Pablo VI|Papa Pablo VI]], en la [[w:es:Exhortación apostólica|Exhortación apostólica]] sobre la evangelización, afirma:
{{Quote
|text=[Non-christian religions] are all impregnated with innumerable "'''seeds of the Word'''" and can constitute a true "'''preparation for the Gospel'''", to quote a felicitous term used by the Second Vatican Council and borrowed from Eusebius of Caesarea.
|author=Pope Paul VI
|title=[[wikipedia:Evangelii nuntiandi|Evangelii nuntiandi]], n. 53
}}
[[w:es:Papa Juan Pablo II|Papa Juan Pablo II]], en su primera [[w:es:Encíclica|encíclica]] ''[[w:es:Redemptor Hominis|Redemptor Hominis]]'', escribe:
{{Quote
|text= The Fathers of the Church rightly saw in the various religions as it were so many reflections of the one truth, "'''seeds of the Word'''", attesting that, though the routes taken may be different, there is but a single goal to which is directed the deepest aspiration of the human spirit as expressed in its quest for God and also in its quest, through its tending towards God, for the full dimension of its humanity, or in other words for the full meaning of human life.
|author=[[wikipedia:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]]
|title=[[wikipedia:Redemptor Hominis|Redemptor Hominis]], n. 11
}}
Y el [[w:es:Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica|Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica]], citando de ''[[w:es:Lumen Gentium|Lumen Gentium]]'', afirma:
{{Quote
|text= The Catholic Church recognizes in other religions that search, among shadows and images, for the God who is unknown yet near since he gives life and breath and all things and wants all men to be saved. Thus, the Church considers all goodness and truth found in these religions as "a '''preparation for the Gospel''' and given by him who enlightens all men that they may at length have life."
|title=[https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P29.HTM CCC n. 843]
}}
== Resumen de los temas tratados ==
<onlymobile>
Los artículos de esta enciclopedia están organizados en las siguientes categorías generales:
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Literary arts]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Drama (Literature)]]
* [[:Category:Fiction (Literature)]]
* [[:Category:Poetry (Literature)]]
* [[:Category:Prose (Literature)]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Performing arts]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Dance]]
* [[:Category:Music]]
* [[:Category:Theatre]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:50%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Visual arts]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Architecture]]
* [[:Category:Ceramic art]]
* [[:Category:Cinematography]]
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Drawing]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Engraving]]
* [[:Category:Etching]]
* [[:Category:Cave painting]]
* [[:Category:Charcoal drawing]]
* [[:Category:Pencil drawing]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Glass art]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Glassblowing]]
* [[:Category:Stained glass]]
</div>
</div>
* [[:Category:Mosaic art]]
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Painting]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Fresco painting]]
* [[:Category:Oil painting]]
* [[:Category:Watercolor painting]]
</div>
</div>
* [[:Category:Photography]]
* [[:Category:Sculpting]]
* [[:Category:Tapestry]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Formal sciences]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Hitory|History]]
* [[:Category:Philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[:Category:Logic|Logic]]
* [[:Category:Mathematics|Mathematics]]
* [[:Category:Computer science|Computer science]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Natural sciences]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Physics|Physics]]
* [[:Category:Chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[:Category:Astronomy|Astronomy]]
* [[:Category:Biology|Biology]]
* [[:Category:Geology|Geology]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Social sciences]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Anthropology|Anthropology]]
* [[:Category:Archeology|Archeology]]
* [[:Category:Economics|Economics]]
* [[:Category:Geografy|Geography]]
* [[:Category:Linguistics|Linguistics]]
* [[:Category:Political science|Political science]]
* [[:Category:Psychology|Psychology]]
* [[:Category:Medicinal science|Medicine]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; overflow:auto;">
<div style="font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;">[[:Category:Popular culture]]</div>
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
* [[:Category:Culinary arts]]
* [[:Category:Comics]]
* [[:Category:Video gaming]]
</div>
</div>
</onlymobile>
{{Navbox
| state = uncollapsed
| title = Table of Contents
| listclass = hlist
| group1 = [[:Category:Literary arts|Literary arts]]
| list1  = * [[:Category:Drama (Literature)|Drama]]
* [[:Category:Fiction (Literature)|Fiction]]
* [[:Category:Poetry (Literature)|Poetry]]
* [[:Category:Prose (Literature)|Prose]]
| group2 = [[:Category:Performing arts|Performing arts]]
| list2 =
{{Navbox|child
  | group1 = [[:Category:Dance|Dance]]
  | list1  = List1
  | group2 = [[:Category:Music|Music]]
  | list2  = List2
  | group3 = [[:Category:Theatre|Theatre]]
  | list3  = List3
}}
| group3 = [[:Category:Visual arts|Visual arts]]
| list3 =
{{Navbox|child
  | group1 = [[:Category:Architecture|Architecture]]
  | list1 = List 1
  | group2 = [[:Category:Ceramic art|Ceramic art]]
  | list2 = List 2
  | group3 = [[:Category:Cinematography|Cinematography]]
  | list3 = * [[:Category:Sitcom|Sitcom]]
* [[:Category:Feature film|Feature film]]
* [[:Category:Short film|Short film]]
  | group4 = [[:Category:Drawing|Drawing]]
  | list4  = * [[:Category:Engraving|Engraving]]
* [[:Category:Etching|Etching]]
* [[:Category:Cave painting|Cave painting]]
* [[:Category:Charcoal drawing|Charcoal drawing]]
* [[:Category:Pencil drawing|Pencil drawing]]
  | group5 = [[:Category:Glass art|Glass art]]
  | list5  = * [[:Category:Glassblowing|Glassblowing]]
* [[:Category:Stained glass|Stained glass]]
  | group6 = [[:Category:Mosaic art|Mosaic art]]
  | list6  = List 6
  | group7 = [[:Category:Painting|Painting]]
  | list7  = * [[:Category:Fresco painting|Fresco]]
* [[:Category:Oil painting|Oil painting]]
* [[:Category:Watercolor painting|Watercolor]]
  | group8 = [[:Category:Photography|Photography]]
  | list8  = * [[:Category:Black and White photography|Black and White photography]]
* [[:Category:HDR photography|HDR photography]]
* [[:Category:Landscape photography|Landscape photography]]
* [[:Category:Portrait photography|Portrait photography]]
  | group9 = [[:Category:Sculpting|Sculpting]]
  | list9 = List 9
  | group10 = [[:Category:Tapestry|Tapestry]]
  | list10  = List 10
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* [[:Category:Hitory|History]]
* [[:Category:Philosophy|Philosophy]]
* [[:Category:Logic|Logic]]
* [[:Category:Mathematics|Mathematics]]
* [[:Category:Computer science|Computer science]]
| group5 = [[:Category:Natural sciences|Natural sciences]]
| list5 =
* [[:Category:Physics|Physics]]
* [[:Category:Chemistry|Chemistry]]
* [[:Category:Astronomy|Astronomy]]
* [[:Category:Biology|Biology]]
* [[:Category:Geology|Geology]]
| group6 = [[:Category:Social sciences|Social sciences]]
| list6 =
* [[:Category:Anthropology|Anthropology]]
* [[:Category:Archeology|Archeology]]
* [[:Category:Economics|Economics]]
* [[:Category:Geografy|Geography]]
* [[:Category:Linguistics|Linguistics]]
* [[:Category:Political science|Political science]]
* [[:Category:Psychology|Psychology]]
* [[:Category:Medicinal science|Medicine]]
| group7 = [[:Category:Popular culture|Popular culture]]
| list7 =
* [[:Category:Culinary arts|Culinary arts]]
* [[:Category:Comics|Comics]]
* [[:Category:Video gaming|Video gaming]]
}}

Revisión actual - 23:24 6 feb 2024

Platón (izquierda) y Aristóteles en el fresco de Rafael Escuela de Atenas, 1509
San Pablo San Pablo pronunciando el Sermón del Areópago en Atenas, de Rafael, 1515.
Sermón de la montaña de Carl Bloch (1877)

Semina Verbi o Semillas de la Palabra es un proyecto cultural destinado a examinar las formas en que el Evangelio cristiano en particular, y la Palabra de Dios en general, han influido en las culturas de la humanidad, o cómo las expresiones culturales y creativas de la humanidad pueden tener semillas de verdad que se relacionan con la Verdad de la Palabra de Dios.

Orígenes de la expresión

Los primeros apologistas cristianos

La expresión se remonta a Justino el Mártir y a Clemente de Alejandría.

San Justino (100-165 AD) afirma en su Apología Segunda:

Plantilla:Quote

Y San Clemente de Alejandría (150-215 AD) afirma en su Stromata:

Plantilla:Quote

Mientras que Eusebio de Cesarea (260-339 d.C.), en su Praeparatio Evangelica, afirma que los griegos estaban claramente influenciados en su filosofía por las Escrituras hebreas, afirmando así desde otro punto de vista que lo mejor de la cultura humana fue influenciado por la Palabra de Dios:

Plantilla:Quote

El patrólogo Berthold Altaner escribe sobre Justino el Mártir y su expresión “semillas de la Palabra”:

Plantilla:Text and translation

Raíces en el Evangelio y los escritos del Nuevo Testamento

Jesús de Nazaret se comparó a sí mismo con un sembrador de semillas cuando proclamó la Parábola del Sembrador a la multitud que lo escuchaba.

Plantilla:Bible quote

El discurso de San Pablo a los atenienses en el Areópago es emblemático, ya que se refiere a un conocido poeta griego para exponer su punto sobre el Evangelio de Jesús, además de hacer referencia a su tradiciones religiosas:

Plantilla:Bible quote

Enseñanzas magisteriales de la Iglesia católica

La doctrina de las Semillas de la Palabra, interpretadas como verdades del Evangelio difundidas por la cultura humana, también está presente en las enseñanzas del Concilio Vaticano Segundo. El Decreto sobre la actividad misionera Ad Gentes afirma:

Plantilla:Quote

De manera similar, la Constitución dogmática sobre la Iglesia Lumen Gentium establece:

Plantilla:Quote

La Declaración sobre las religiones no cristianas Nostra Aetate utiliza el símil de un rayo de luz para expresar el mismo concepto:

Plantilla:Quote

En los años posteriores al Concilio Vaticano Segundo, los Papas también utilizaron la metáfora Semillas de la Palabra y el tema Praeparatio evangelica.

Papa Pablo VI, en la Exhortación apostólica sobre la evangelización, afirma:

Plantilla:Quote

Papa Juan Pablo II, en su primera encíclica Redemptor Hominis, escribe:

Plantilla:Quote

Y el Catecismo de la Iglesia Católica, citando de Lumen Gentium, afirma:

Plantilla:Quote

Resumen de los temas tratados

Plantilla:Navbox

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